Bryophyte species composition over moisture gradients in the Windmill Islands, East Antarctica; development of a baseline for monitoring climate change impacts
This metadata record describes supplementary material to accompany the listed publication, and the data described in the paper and the supplementary material relates to AAS (ASAC) project 1313, as well as the State of the Environment indicator (SOE 72) relating to Windmill Islands vegetation.
The vegetation surveys described in this publication are the 1999/2000 baseline data associated with SOE 72 and AAS 1313.
Taken from the publication:
Extreme environmental conditions prevail on the Antarctic continent and limit plant diversity to cryptogamic communities, dominated by bryophytes and lichens. Even small abiotic shifts, associated with climate change, are likely to have pronounced impacts on these communities that currently exist at their physiological limit of survival. Changes to moisture availability, due to precipitation shifts or alterations to permanent snow reserves will most likely cause greatest impact. In order to establish a baseline for determining the effect of climate change on continental Antarctic terrestrial communities and to better understand bryophyte species distributions in relation to moisture in a floristically important Antarctic region, this study surveyed finescale bryophyte patterns and turf water and nutrient contents along community gradients in the Windmill Islands, East Antarctica. The survey found that the Antarctic endemic, Schistidium antarctici, dominated the wettest habitats, Bryum pseudotriquetrum distribution spanned the gradient, whilst Ceratodon purpureus and Cephaloziella varians were restricted to driest habitats. These patterns, along with knowledge of these species relative physiology, suggest the endemic Schistidium antarctici will be negatively impacted under a drying trend. This study provides a model for quantitative finescale analysis of bryophyte distributions in cryptogamic communities and forms an important reference site for monitoring impacts of climate change in Antarctica.
Mycorrhiza in the Antarctic leafy liverwort (Cephaloziella exiliflora)
Metadata record for data expected from ASAC Project 2275.
See the link below for public details on this project.
The papers record microscope evidence and molecular evidence for the occurrence of a fungal symbiosis in an Antarctic leafy liverwort. Fungi isolated from the leafy liverwort Cephaloziella exiliflora collected in Australia and continental Antarctica were compared with Hymenoscyphus ericae using internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region DNA sequences. The isloates displayed less than 2.1% sequence divergence within the ITS region, indicating that the endophytes from C. exiliflora are probably H. ericae. The data significantly extend the known host range and geographical distribution of H. ericae and indicate that the fungus has a global distribution. The dataset also describes infections by hyaline, septate fungal hyphae in rhizoids and adjacent axial cells of the foliose liverwort Cephaloziella exiliflora collected from two locations in continental Antarctica. Evidence is presented that the fungus in the rhizoids is an ascomycete and that the endophytic infections are mycorrhiza-like or mycothalli, refuting an earlier proposal that mycorrhizas might be absent from the Antarctic.