COMPOSITE GAZETTEER OF ANTARCTICA

two rocks off NE Brabant Island, were photographed from the air by FIDASE in 1956-57. In association with the names of poineers of medicine grouped in this area, the name was first applied in error to non-existent rocks NE of Harry Island, after Claude Bernard (1813-78), French physiologist noted for his work on digestion and the function of the liver (APC, 1960, p.3); re-applied to the present feature situated SW of Harry Island (APC, 1961, p.2; BA chart 3560, 7.iv.1961). Rocas Bernard (Argentina. AA, 1991, p. 7).

Small group of rocks between Davis Island and Spallanzani Point, off the NE side of Brabant Island in the Palmer Archipelago. First mapped by the FrAE under Charcot, 1903-05. Photographed by Hunting Aerosurveys Ltd. in 1956-57, and mapped from these photos in 1959. Named by the UK-APC for Claude Bernard (1813-78), French physiologist who made important contributions to the understanding of digestion, function of the liver and the methods of experimental medicine.

Williams Lake is an oval shaped saline lake near the western end of Long Peninsula in the Vestfold Hills. It is approximately 1 km long and 250 m wide. The lake is separated from Bulatnaya Bay in the north and Long Fjord in the south by low divides. The surface of the lake is 0.5 - 1m above the high water mark. Water has not been observed flowing into the lake from the ocean, but was flowing from the lake into Long Fjord on 16 January 1988. The maximum recorded depth in Williams Lake is 7 m but the lake is quite large and there could well be deeper points than so far discovered. The salinity of Lake Williams ranges from near seawater salinity near the surface to over 100gL-1 at 7m. Lake water is anoxic beneath 6 m. The lake appears to be permanently stratified and should thus be considered meromictic.