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The data describe all zooplankton species abundance values estimated at each rectangular midwater trawl (RMT 1+8) target and routine sampling site collected during the 2021 TEMPO voyage on R/V Investigator. During the TEMPO voyage, zooplankton were collected using the RMT 1+8 plankton net and sorted down to the lowest taxonomic level possible. The supporting data set, in CSV format, feature abundances estimated from RMT+1 samples only. The data file is named allzooplankton.csv. The fields (columns) in the file are: "Site" – sampling site ID for each routine (RXX) and target (TXX) trawl using RMT1+8. "Date" – date of each sample collected (ie. target or routine trawl) [dd/mm/yyyy]. "Latitude" – latitude of each trawl [degrees] (-dd.ddddd). "Longitude" – longitude of each trawl [degrees] (dd.ddddd). "Chla" – Integrated estimate of chlorophyll-a (mg m^-2) averaged at depths between 10 to 200 m, which aligns with the section of the water column where zooplankton were sampled. "Depth" – Bathymetric depth estimated at each sampling station. "MLD_03" – Mixed layer depth (m). Not used in final analysis. "MLD_05" – Mixed layer depth (m). Not used in final analysis. "MLD_N2max" – Mixed layer depth (m) where the N^2 maximum is found, i.e., the pycnocline. "CT_200" – Absolute temperature (°C) averaged at depths between surface and 200 m maximum net sampling depth. Values are derived from in situ CTD measurements at each sampling site. "SA_200" – Absolute salinity (g kg^-1) averaged at depths between surface and 200 m maximum net sampling depth. Values are derived from in situ CTD measurements at each sampling site. "IceMeltDays" – Number of days since sea ice melted calculated from daily passive microwave estimated percent sea ice concentration taken from the National Snow and Ice Data Centre. "m_to_Ice" – Distance (m) estimated from sampling site to edge of ice. "IceConc" – Actual ice concentration value (%). It is the percentage of an area covered in sea ice. The remaining columns are zooplankton species abundances (individuals per 1000 cubic metres) estimated from count data, volume of original sample, split of sample analysed under the microscope and calibration of the flowmeter: "R.gigas" – Rhincalanus gigas, copepod "C.propinquus" – Calanus propinquus, copepod "C.simillimus" – Calanus simillimus, copepod "C.acutus" – Calanoides acutus, copepod "Metridia sp." – Metridia species, copepod "M.gerlachei" – Metridia gerlachei, copepod "Paraeuchaeta sp." – Paraeuchaeta species, copepod "Pleuromamma sp." – Pleuromamma species, copepod "Oncaea" – Oncaea species, copepod "O.antarctica" – Oncaea antarctica, copepod "Neo tonsus" – Neocalanus tonsus, copepod "Neo gracilis" – Neocalanus gracilis, copepod "Stephos longipes" – Stephos longipes, copepod "Ctenocalanus sp." – Ctenocalanus species, copepod "Microcal pygmaeus" – Microcalanus pygmaeus, copepod "Oithona similis" – Oithona similis, copepod "Oithona frigida" – Oithona frigida, copepod "Heterhabdus australis" – Heterorhabdus australis, copepod "Heterhabdus sp." – Heterorhabdus species, copepod "Harpacticoid" – Harpacticoid species, copepod "Haloptilus sp." – Haloptilus species, copepod "Candacia sp." – Candacia species, copepod "Solecithricella sp." – Solecithricella species, copepod "Clausocalanus breviceps" – Clausocalanus breviceps, copepod "Clausocalanus laticeps" – Clausocalanus laticeps, copepod "Clausocalanus sp." – Clausocalanus species, copepod "Aetideops antarctica – Aetideopsis antarctica, copepod "Aetide minor" – Aetideopsis minro, copepod "Euchirella rostromanga" – Euchirella rostromanga, copepod "Heterostylites longicornis" – Heterostylites longicornis, copepod "Gaidius tenuispinus" – Gaidius tenuispinus, copepod "Gammaridean amphipod" – Gammaridean, amphipod "T.gaudichaudii" – Themisto gaudichaudii, amphipod "Parathemisto sp." – Parathemisto species, amphipod "Hyperia antarctica" – Hyperia antarctica, amphipod "Hyperia sp." – Hyperia species, amphipod "Hyperiella dilatata" – Hyperiella dilatata, amphipod "Hyperiella antarctica" – Hyperiella antarctica, amphipod "Hyperiella sp." – Hyperiella species, amphipod "Hyperiella macronyx" – Hyperiella macronyx, amphipod "Hyperiella dilatate" – Hyperiella dilatata, amphipod "Primno macropa" – Primno macropa, amphipod "Hyperoche medusarum" – Hyperoche medusarum, amphipod "E.crystallorophius" – Euphausia crystallorophius, krill "E.superba" – Euphausia superba, krill "T.macrura" – Thysanoessa macrura, krill "Krill (other)" – unidentified krill species "Decapod" – decapod species "L.h.antarctica" – Limacina helicina antarctica, pteropod "C.pyramidata" – Clio pyramidata, pteropod "Clione antarctica" – Clione antarctica, pteropod "S.australis" – Spongiobranchaea australis, pteropod "Gymnosome" – unidentified gymnosome species, pteropod "Ptero egg mass" – pteropod egg mass "Tiarrana rotunda" – Tiarrana rotunda, polychaete "Traviopsis/Typhloscoplex" – Traviopsis species or Typhloscoplex species, polychaete "Phalacrophorus pictus" – Phalacrophorus pictus, polychaete "Rhynchon brongraini" – Rhynchonerella brongraini, polychaete "Rhynchoneralla petersii" – Rhynchonerella petersii, polychaete "Rynchonerella sp." – Rhynchonerella species, polychaete "Vanadis sp." – Vanadis species, polychaete "Vanadis longissima" – Vanadis longissima, polychaete "Vanadis antarctica" – Vanadis antarctica, polychaete "Pelagobia longicerrata" – Pelagobia longicerrata, polychaete "Iopsilidae worm" – Iopsilidae species, polychaete "Polychaete" – unidentified polychaete worm "Furry worm" – unidentified "furry" polychaete worm "Larval worm" – unidentified "larval" polychaete worm "Tiny worm" – unidentified tiny-sized polychaete worm "Tomopteris septentrionalis" – Tomopteris septentrionalis, tomopteris "Tomopteris sp." – Tomopteris species, tomopteris "Phalacrophorus sp." – Phalacrophorus species, tomopteris "Isopod" – isopod worm "Tintinnids" – tintinnid species "Neogloboquadrina pachyderma" – Neogloboquadrina pachyderma, foraminifera "Siphonophore" – Siphonophore species "Appendicularian" – Appendicularian species "Ostracod" – unidentified ostracod species "Alacia hettacra" – Alacia hettacra, ostracod "Metaconchoecia skogsbergi" – Metaconchoecia skogsbergi, ostracod "Deeveyoecia arcuata" – Deeveyoecia arcuata, ostracod "Austrinoecia isocheira (less than 1mm)" – Austrinoecia isocheira ostracod, less than 1 mm in body size "Boroecoa antipoda" – Boroecoa antipoda, ostracod "Sagitta maxima" – Sagitta maxima, chaetognath "Sagitta serratodentata" – Sagitta serratodentata, chaetognath "Sagitta gazella" – Sagitta gazella, chaetognath "Sagitta marri" – Sagitta marri, chaetognath "Sagitta sp." – Sagitta species, chaetognath "Eukrohnia hamata" – Eukrohnia hamata, chaetognath "Unknwn chaetognath" – Unidentified species of chaeotognath "Fish egg" – fish egg "Larval fish" – unidentified species of larval fish "jelly nubby tentacles" – unidentified species of cnidarian (with "nubby" tentacles) "jelly w/no tentacles" – unidentified species of cnidarian (with no tentacles) "jelly" – unidentified species of cnidarian "TOTALS" – tally of total abundances across each row (total abundances across all zooplankton species for each sampling site)
Metadata record for data from ASAC Project 2393 See the link below for public details on this project. ---- Public Summary from Project ---- This project seeks to monitor Holocene-Quaternary variability of Antarctic bottom water outflow at a known deep pathway (east flank of Kerguelen Plateau) into a major ocean basin. Specifically, we can address the question of how sea-ice, frontal dynamics and SST variability are related to bottom-water production. Taken from the 2003-2004 Progress Report Two researchers from the ACE CRC and IASOS, Dr. Will Howard and Honours student Joanne Naylor, participated in a cruise to the Southern Kerguelen Plateau region in January-February 2004. The objectives were to carry out swath bathymetric mapping, subbottom profiling (using a 3.5 kHz echosounder), and coring, aboard the Japanese research vessel Mirai. We were successful in carrying out acoustic profiling and mapping in previously unmapped regions of the Southeast Indian Ridge and in the Labuan Basin area of Southern Kerguelen Plateau. Acoustic data have already been provided to Geoscience Australia, where these data will be incorporated into existing databases of bathymetry and bottom character of this (potential) part of the Australian Marine Jurisdiction. In addition we recovered two piston cores, one each from the SE Indian Ridge area and Kerguelen Plateau, as well as multicores (recovery of sediment-water interface). Inclement weather prevented us from recovering cores from all the suitable coring sites we identified, but we now have acoustic survey data in unprecedented detail and resolution to support future sampling efforts. The cores we recovered consist of pelagic sediments as follows: Split surfaces of archive half sections were exposed and lithological and sedimentological features were described using printed visual core description (VCD) sheets On MR03-K04 Leg 6, ODP-style nomenclature for lithological description (e.g., Mazzullo et al., 1988) was adopted. Results from smear slides, coarse-fraction microfossil observations were combined to construct summarised lithologic columns. This information was also confirmed by the later inspection of soft X-radiographs. Smear-slide descriptions and sieve sample also provide preliminary biostratigraphic estimates of base ages for the piston cores. Results In general, the sediments at both sites are composed of homogenous fine-grained pelagic sediments with extensive, though varying, bioturbation throughout. The lithological and sedimentological features are summarised as graphic columns with short notes, including a legend of symbols and lithologic patterns (Figures D-2-1, D-2-2, D-2-3). Digitised versions of individual VCD sheets and scanned soft X-radiographs used for constructing graphic columns are archived in the Appendix to this report. Southeast Indian Ridge (41 degrees 33.07'S, 90 degrees24,39 E, water depth: 2,913 m) The sediments from MC-05 and PC-05 from the northern flank of Southeast Indian Ridge are dominated by foraminifer-bearing nannofossil ooze. Foraminifera and nannofossils are abundant and well-preserved throughout the core. A qualitative analysis of the planktonic foraminiferal faunas from sieve samples taken at the base of the piston core and the top of the multicore show a diverse assemblage typical of coretops in the Southern Indian Ocean near the modern position of the Subtropical Front Zone, with abundant Globorotalia inflata, Globigerina bulloides, Globigerinita glutinata, and dextral Neogloboquadrina pachyderma (e.g. Howard and Prell, 1992 and 1994). The diatom Hemidiscus karsteni appears to be present in the core base whereas the radiolarian Stylatractus universus appears to be absent. These suggest a base age for PC-05 older that late Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 7 (approx. 194 ka BP) and younger than late MIS 12 (approx 423 ka BP)*. Flow-in is severe in Sections IX and X and the core catcher of PC-05 (i.e. approx. the bottom 1.5 meters of the core). Comparison with the multicore indicates that the top of the piston core is also moderately disturbed by the piston action. Kerguelen Plateau (53 degrees 48.15'S, 81 degrees 52.75'E, water depth: 2,557 m) The sediments from MC-06 and PC-06 from Labuan Basin, Kerguelen Plateau are dominated by radiolarian-bearing diatom ooze with dispersed foraminifera, detrital grains, and rare nannofossils. Dispersed sand-to-gravel sized rock fragments are present in the core, indicating intermittent ice-rafted debris deposition. The soft X-radiographs similarly show the alternation of almost pure biogenic ooze with more clay-rich oozes with dispersed detrital grains. Though the core is bioturbated to some extent throughout its length, 1-2 cmscale laminations occur in Sections 3-8. Foraminifera present through core in varying states of preservation; nannofossils intermittently present. The planktonic foraminiferal assemblages are typical of coretops in the Subantarctic and Polar Front Zones, dominated by sinistral Neogloboquadrina pachyderma, Globigerina quinqueloba , and G. bulloides, with lesser contributions from globorotalids like Globorotalia crassiformis and and G. inflata. H. karsteni appears to be present from Section 6 (500 cm bsf) down, and abundant in Section 8, from 86 cm down (from approx. 786 cm bsf). The planktonic foraminifer G. crassiformis is present in the base. S. universus appears to be absent throughout the core. This preliminary estimate of the biostratigraphy suggests a base age for PC-06 older that late MIS 9 and younger than MIS 12 (i.e. between approx. 423 and 300 ka BP). The top 176 cm of this core are severely disturbed, being 'washed' during core recovery by water trapped in the core barrel by the stuck piston. All cores were also logged for geophysical properties and optical reflectance (an index of sediment properties). Also see the JAMSTEC (Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology) site for more information.
The Holocene sea-ice project brings together for the first time, records from the Antarctic continent and deep sea sediments that will allow us to calibrate three sea-ice extent surrogates, validate their use in contrast to satellite observations and explore climatic influence on the physio-ecological environment over the last 10,000 years. Spreadsheet 1 (appendix A): Complete list of Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS) dating completed on E27-23 from various identified sources with original 14CAge and reported error. Three dates identified as Burckle pers comm. here were provided by Dr Lloyd Burckle (LDEO) to Dr L. Armand for this work. Outlier attributions are identified; the term Averaged identifies the two samples where final calibrated dates were averaged in this work. All remaining AMS dates were converted to calendar ages using the linear-based CALIB07 (Stuiver and Reimer, 1993) with calibration to the Marine13 dataset (Reimer et al., 2013) at 95% confidence (sigma 2) and included a correction for the surface water reservoir age of ~752 years at the site of core E27-23 resolved from the marine radiocarbon reservoir correction database and software available from http://radiocarbon.LDEO.columbia.edu/ (Butzin et al., 2005). The percent Marine Carbon relative attribution is provided. The Median age (Cal Yr BP) used as the final age at each respective (mid) depth is provided. In Appendix A the dates are all ages in years, however some are uncalibrated ages and others are Cal yr BP (= calendar years before present). So in terms of headings in Table A: Raw 14C age yr BP - is the raw age provided by radiocarbon dating without any corrections applied. It is in years before present. Corrected raw age (RA=752) - is the raw age with a local RA (Reservoir Age) correction applied and is still in years before present. The remaining ages are calendar years before present having been calibrated. All formats follow recommendations for reporting raw 14C dates and their calibration ages. Spreadsheet 2 (appendix B): Comparison of calibration output from the input of accepted 14C dates using OXCAL 4.2 (Bronk Ramsey 2009; Blaauw 2010), and CALIB07 (Stuiver and Reimer, 1993), both using the Marine13 calibration curve (Reimer et al., 2013) at 95.4% confidence (sigma 2) and including a correction for the surface water reservoir age of ~752 years at the site of core E27-23. The calibration output difference between the median Cal Yr BP, regardless of calibration method employed, was greater than or equal to 40 Cal Yr BP. Calibration data from the output of CALIB07 has been used in this paper to determine chronostratigraphy. Spreadsheet 3 (appendix C): The foraminiferal stable isotope data from E27-23. Ratios of oxygen (delta 18O) measured from the planktonic foraminifer Neogloboquadrina pachyderma sinistral (greater than 150 microns). Isotope values are reported as per mil (%) deviations relative to the Vienna Peedee Belemnite (VPDB). Spreadsheet 4 (appendix D): The paleo winter sea-ice concentration (wSIC) estimates for marine sediment core SO136-111. The calendar ages, in thousands of years before present (kyr BP), are provided for each sample from core SO136-111. For each of the samples in core SO136-111, we have provided the estimates winter sea-ice concentration (%), along with the associated lower and upper bounds for the 95% confidence interval around the estimated winter sea-ice concentration (%), for both GAM/WSI/13 and GAM/WSI/ETS. The final two columns provide the estimated average annual monthly sea-ice cover for each sample within core SO136-111, originally estimated using the Modern Analogue Technique, by Crosta et al. (2004). Finally, we provide the estimated summer sea surface temperature, again using the Modern Analogue Technique, from Crosta et al. 2004. Spreadsheet 5 (appendix E): The paleo wSIC estimates for marine sediment core E27-23. The calendar ages, in thousands of years before present are provided for each sample from core E27-23. For each of the samples in core E27-23, we have provided the estimated winter sea-ice concentration (%), along with the associated lower and upper bounds for the 95% confidence interval around the estimates for winter sea-ice concentration (%).