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The data describe all zooplankton species abundance values estimated at each rectangular midwater trawl (RMT 1+8) target and routine sampling site collected during the 2021 TEMPO voyage on R/V Investigator. During the TEMPO voyage, zooplankton were collected using the RMT 1+8 plankton net and sorted down to the lowest taxonomic level possible. The supporting data set, in CSV format, feature abundances estimated from RMT+1 samples only. The data file is named allzooplankton.csv. The fields (columns) in the file are: "Site" – sampling site ID for each routine (RXX) and target (TXX) trawl using RMT1+8. "Date" – date of each sample collected (ie. target or routine trawl) [dd/mm/yyyy]. "Latitude" – latitude of each trawl [degrees] (-dd.ddddd). "Longitude" – longitude of each trawl [degrees] (dd.ddddd). "Chla" – Integrated estimate of chlorophyll-a (mg m^-2) averaged at depths between 10 to 200 m, which aligns with the section of the water column where zooplankton were sampled. "Depth" – Bathymetric depth estimated at each sampling station. "MLD_03" – Mixed layer depth (m). Not used in final analysis. "MLD_05" – Mixed layer depth (m). Not used in final analysis. "MLD_N2max" – Mixed layer depth (m) where the N^2 maximum is found, i.e., the pycnocline. "CT_200" – Absolute temperature (°C) averaged at depths between surface and 200 m maximum net sampling depth. Values are derived from in situ CTD measurements at each sampling site. "SA_200" – Absolute salinity (g kg^-1) averaged at depths between surface and 200 m maximum net sampling depth. Values are derived from in situ CTD measurements at each sampling site. "IceMeltDays" – Number of days since sea ice melted calculated from daily passive microwave estimated percent sea ice concentration taken from the National Snow and Ice Data Centre. "m_to_Ice" – Distance (m) estimated from sampling site to edge of ice. "IceConc" – Actual ice concentration value (%). It is the percentage of an area covered in sea ice. The remaining columns are zooplankton species abundances (individuals per 1000 cubic metres) estimated from count data, volume of original sample, split of sample analysed under the microscope and calibration of the flowmeter: "R.gigas" – Rhincalanus gigas, copepod "C.propinquus" – Calanus propinquus, copepod "C.simillimus" – Calanus simillimus, copepod "C.acutus" – Calanoides acutus, copepod "Metridia sp." – Metridia species, copepod "M.gerlachei" – Metridia gerlachei, copepod "Paraeuchaeta sp." – Paraeuchaeta species, copepod "Pleuromamma sp." – Pleuromamma species, copepod "Oncaea" – Oncaea species, copepod "O.antarctica" – Oncaea antarctica, copepod "Neo tonsus" – Neocalanus tonsus, copepod "Neo gracilis" – Neocalanus gracilis, copepod "Stephos longipes" – Stephos longipes, copepod "Ctenocalanus sp." – Ctenocalanus species, copepod "Microcal pygmaeus" – Microcalanus pygmaeus, copepod "Oithona similis" – Oithona similis, copepod "Oithona frigida" – Oithona frigida, copepod "Heterhabdus australis" – Heterorhabdus australis, copepod "Heterhabdus sp." – Heterorhabdus species, copepod "Harpacticoid" – Harpacticoid species, copepod "Haloptilus sp." – Haloptilus species, copepod "Candacia sp." – Candacia species, copepod "Solecithricella sp." – Solecithricella species, copepod "Clausocalanus breviceps" – Clausocalanus breviceps, copepod "Clausocalanus laticeps" – Clausocalanus laticeps, copepod "Clausocalanus sp." – Clausocalanus species, copepod "Aetideops antarctica – Aetideopsis antarctica, copepod "Aetide minor" – Aetideopsis minro, copepod "Euchirella rostromanga" – Euchirella rostromanga, copepod "Heterostylites longicornis" – Heterostylites longicornis, copepod "Gaidius tenuispinus" – Gaidius tenuispinus, copepod "Gammaridean amphipod" – Gammaridean, amphipod "T.gaudichaudii" – Themisto gaudichaudii, amphipod "Parathemisto sp." – Parathemisto species, amphipod "Hyperia antarctica" – Hyperia antarctica, amphipod "Hyperia sp." – Hyperia species, amphipod "Hyperiella dilatata" – Hyperiella dilatata, amphipod "Hyperiella antarctica" – Hyperiella antarctica, amphipod "Hyperiella sp." – Hyperiella species, amphipod "Hyperiella macronyx" – Hyperiella macronyx, amphipod "Hyperiella dilatate" – Hyperiella dilatata, amphipod "Primno macropa" – Primno macropa, amphipod "Hyperoche medusarum" – Hyperoche medusarum, amphipod "E.crystallorophius" – Euphausia crystallorophius, krill "E.superba" – Euphausia superba, krill "T.macrura" – Thysanoessa macrura, krill "Krill (other)" – unidentified krill species "Decapod" – decapod species "L.h.antarctica" – Limacina helicina antarctica, pteropod "C.pyramidata" – Clio pyramidata, pteropod "Clione antarctica" – Clione antarctica, pteropod "S.australis" – Spongiobranchaea australis, pteropod "Gymnosome" – unidentified gymnosome species, pteropod "Ptero egg mass" – pteropod egg mass "Tiarrana rotunda" – Tiarrana rotunda, polychaete "Traviopsis/Typhloscoplex" – Traviopsis species or Typhloscoplex species, polychaete "Phalacrophorus pictus" – Phalacrophorus pictus, polychaete "Rhynchon brongraini" – Rhynchonerella brongraini, polychaete "Rhynchoneralla petersii" – Rhynchonerella petersii, polychaete "Rynchonerella sp." – Rhynchonerella species, polychaete "Vanadis sp." – Vanadis species, polychaete "Vanadis longissima" – Vanadis longissima, polychaete "Vanadis antarctica" – Vanadis antarctica, polychaete "Pelagobia longicerrata" – Pelagobia longicerrata, polychaete "Iopsilidae worm" – Iopsilidae species, polychaete "Polychaete" – unidentified polychaete worm "Furry worm" – unidentified "furry" polychaete worm "Larval worm" – unidentified "larval" polychaete worm "Tiny worm" – unidentified tiny-sized polychaete worm "Tomopteris septentrionalis" – Tomopteris septentrionalis, tomopteris "Tomopteris sp." – Tomopteris species, tomopteris "Phalacrophorus sp." – Phalacrophorus species, tomopteris "Isopod" – isopod worm "Tintinnids" – tintinnid species "Neogloboquadrina pachyderma" – Neogloboquadrina pachyderma, foraminifera "Siphonophore" – Siphonophore species "Appendicularian" – Appendicularian species "Ostracod" – unidentified ostracod species "Alacia hettacra" – Alacia hettacra, ostracod "Metaconchoecia skogsbergi" – Metaconchoecia skogsbergi, ostracod "Deeveyoecia arcuata" – Deeveyoecia arcuata, ostracod "Austrinoecia isocheira (less than 1mm)" – Austrinoecia isocheira ostracod, less than 1 mm in body size "Boroecoa antipoda" – Boroecoa antipoda, ostracod "Sagitta maxima" – Sagitta maxima, chaetognath "Sagitta serratodentata" – Sagitta serratodentata, chaetognath "Sagitta gazella" – Sagitta gazella, chaetognath "Sagitta marri" – Sagitta marri, chaetognath "Sagitta sp." – Sagitta species, chaetognath "Eukrohnia hamata" – Eukrohnia hamata, chaetognath "Unknwn chaetognath" – Unidentified species of chaeotognath "Fish egg" – fish egg "Larval fish" – unidentified species of larval fish "jelly nubby tentacles" – unidentified species of cnidarian (with "nubby" tentacles) "jelly w/no tentacles" – unidentified species of cnidarian (with no tentacles) "jelly" – unidentified species of cnidarian "TOTALS" – tally of total abundances across each row (total abundances across all zooplankton species for each sampling site)
Project Title: Survey of benthic and other marine invertebrates of the Prydz Bay region, Antarctica. Investigators: Dr W. Zeidler and Mrs K.L. Gowlett-Holmes, South Australian Museum, Adelaide. Project Aims: To collect marine invertebrate specimens from the bycatch of pelagic and marine trawls conducted by ANARE personnel. Results: A variety of marine invertebrates were collected from pelagic and benthic trawls, and incidentally by other means as follows:- 1) IYGPT net - 88 samples from 39 sites. Fauna consisted mainly of amphipods (see link below), medusae, pteropod molluscs, copepods and euphasids, with ostracods, mysids and carid prawns being less common. 2) Benthic trawls - 22 samples from 21 sites. Fauna consisted mainly of glass sponges, medusae, corals, echinoderms, anenomes and ascidians. 3) RMT net - 5 samples from 5 sites. A few polychaetes and amphipods. 4) From fish (from 1 and 2) - several species of parasitic copepods and leaches. 5) Drift net - site 29. Several pelagic polychaetes, amphipods and chaetognaths. 6) Mud grab - site 32. Several bryozoans and ophiuroids. 7) CTD winch wire - site 28. Several sea pens and ophiuroids. Most marine invertebrates were collected from the benthic trawls, often in large numbers. Frequently the best and greatest variety of specimens were caught in the wings of the net, and the co-operation of the crew in collecting these specimens is greatly appreciated. Several organisms, such as glass sponges, ascidians, sea pens, and echinoderms, were dominant in most trawls, with other groups present in varying quantities. Subtle changes in the fauna were noted in relation to the depth and geographic location of stations, but no pattern can be determined until the material collected is properly curated and identified. However, bottom trawls from shallower depths tended to be dominated by sponges, crinoids and ascidians. Comments on the fauna collected are as follows:- Sponges - about 3 or 4 glass sponges dominated most benthic trawls. Other species of sponges were less common. A large yellow species, which was common at Heard Island, was only collected on two occasions. Medusae - sometimes numerous, but usually too damaged for identification. Corals - one species of octocoral was very common in most trawls, as was a large species of sea pen. Soft corals and scleractinian corals were very rare. Bryozoans - relatively rare, although they appear to be common on rocks that came up in the net. Annelids - several polychaetes were found associated with sponges and octocorals. One large polynoid (scale worm), similar to the common Heard Island species, was present in small numbers in most benthic trawls. Two species of leach were found parasitic on icefish (mainly Chionodraco spp.), and a third species was found on skates (Bathyraja sp.). Spinunculans and Echiurans - present in most bottom trawls, but never very numerous. A good collection was obtained, and will be of special interest to Dr Stan Edmonds, who is an honourary researcher at the South Australian Museum. Echinoderms - starfish generally were common in most bottom trawls, as were holothurians. Crinoids were more common in bottom trawls from shallower depths. Echinoids were never numerous, but were present in most bottom trawls. One specimen, a stalked crinoid, is of special interest. Pycnogonoids - relatively common in most bottom trawls. A good collection of several species was obtained, and will hopefully form the basis of a research project. Molluscs (excluding cephalopods) - these were relatively rare, but several species of interest were obtained, mainly opisthobranchs, bivalves and chitons. Crustaceans - relatively rare except for pelagic amphipods (IGYPT trawls). Ascidians - common in most bottom trawls, dominated by 2-3 species. Others - several other animal groups were represented in the trawls, but they were rarely numerous, and often only occurred in a few trawls, e.g. nemerteans, hydroids, brachiopods etc. Concluding remarks: The aims of the project were achieved within the limits of the gear available, and no problems with gear, other than torn nets, were encountered. The variety of marine invertebrates collected was naturally limited by the gear used, and if future benthic surveys are envisaged then I would recommend the use of beam trawls and dredges to collect the smaller organisms. The benthic fauna of Prydz Bay is much more diverse and abundant than that found at Heard Island (Voyage 7.2 1990). The specimens collected will be curated and housed in the South Australian Museum, Adelaide, where they will be studied by resident curators and specialists interstate and overseas. A brief analysis of the specimens collected indicates that several may be of species new to science, and it is expected that several research papers will result once the specimens have been studied in detail. Ultimately, the material collected will form the basis of a reference collection for future research. The fields in this dataset are: notes site suborder family species numbers